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The planning
of the city after the National Revival period (1878) is
already a responsability of people with engineer and architect's
degree and at the beginning those are Austrians,Swiss, Italians,
Czechs, Frenchs, but after 1890 there are Bulgarian engineers
too. The young Bulgarian clarks invest in buildings on the
right bank of the river- the two big administrative buildings
are built here - the District Assembly and the Men's High
School. In 1892 Lucien Chevalas, preparing Plovdiv for the
First International Agricultural Exhibition, creates a wonderful
park on the place of the old Turkish Cemetory. After the
exhibition, with an order of the Knyaz it was named "Tzar
Simeon" and handed over to the Plovdiv people.
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The first
conflict of the inherited reality of Plovdiv leaving the
Orient with the new European ideal is the new plan of the
Plovdiv city by Joseph Schnitter, approved in 1896. It is
him we owe the radial connection of the Railway Station
with the centre of the city, which forms today's central
part, the idea of greening the hills and what is more -
take into consideration the things built by our ancestors.
From Ottoman Middle Ages settlement Plovdiv turns into a
modern town.
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From
the beginning of 20th century through to the 30's the Plovdiv
architecture is influenced by the Secession with an abundance
of decorative elements Typical of this period are buildings
from the Railway Station along the Ivan Vazov Street and the
Main Street up to the Jumaya.
The development of the city goes out of control when after the
Neuilly Treaty, which marks the end of the First World War,
waves of refugees arrive in Plovdiv from Macedonia, Thrace and
the Rhodope Mountains area. The homeless people are forced to
squat on plots and begin illegal building without any plans
and orderly street systems. The efforts of taking this chaos
under control were further hindered of the 1928 earthquake that
ruins one-third of the buildings. A new plan is drawn up in
1942-1944 by Professor Herman Jansen from the Dresden Polytechnincs
but it is not applied because of the political changes in Bulgaria. |
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After
1944 the architecture competitions of the 50's show a tendency
of closeness with the Stalin era architecture without taking
into consideration the Plovdiv traditions. The expansion
of the city as an industrial centre in the 60's puts new
practical planning tasks - increasing of the existing city
territory, which led to multistore building and connecting
of the new residential areas with the industrial ones.
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The
new General Urban Plan of 1968 is drawn up to solve those problems.
It's most important disadvantage is ignoring Maritza River as
an element of the city centre, but this is the plan Plovdiv
follows to this day. As a part of its transport facilities the"Rhodope"
Bridge was built in 1999. After the often megalomanic and soulless
architecture creations imposed by the Communist ideologists
and party functionaries, the architecture in Plovdiv begins
returning to its own self in the 90's. For now the reconstructions
and the rapid individual residential building take the biggest
part of the plan. |
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/to be
continued/...
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